Failure to thrive meaning infants
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Dental problems including cleft lip, cleft palate, and dental caries.Developmental delays, including autism spectrum disorders.Inadequate intake, which can be caused by: Prematurity†, low birth weight‡, and small for gestational age.The following table includes factors that can contribute to undernutrition and increase the risk for FTT in infants and children (2, 3, 4, 5): Medical/Nutritional/ Developmental Undernutrition, as a result of a variety of medical, nutritional or developmental issues, is a major cause and includes the infant/child not being offered adequate calories/nutrients, the infant/child not taking the offered foods/beverages, inadequate calorie/nutrient absorption, and/or excessive calorie expenditure. Several stressors may interact with each other to eventually lead to FTT. Failure to thrive often manifests early in life most infants and children with FTT are diagnosed before 18 months of age. Highest rates are found among lower income rural and urban communities. In the United States, FTT is diagnosed in about 5-10% of infants and children in outpatient settings and about 3-5% of those in hospitals. Stature takes a longer time to be impacted by malnutrition therefore, reduced stature may indicate the cumulative effects of chronic malnutrition (5). It is useful to note that reduced weight-for-stature can be a strong indicator of recent undernutrition, while low weight-for-age can represent both current and long-term nutrition concerns. It is recommended that a combination of growth criteria be considered and that growth be assessed over time, rather than using a single measurement (4). Rate of weight gain less than the 5th percentile based on World Health Organization velocity standards (3).Progressive fall-off in weight-for-age, weight-for-stature, and/or stature-for-age, that crosses down two major percentile lines (2, 3, 4).Weight less than 80% of median weight-for-stature (3).Weight less than 75% of median (“typical”) weight-for-age (3).Stature-for-age consistently below the 2.3rd percentile for infants/children younger than 2 years or repeatedly below 5th percentile for children 2 years and older (3, 5).
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Failure to thrive (FTT) describes an inadequate growth pattern where growth is significantly lower than what is expected for age and sex (1, 2, 3, 4, 5).